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A proxy, also known as a proxy is also known for its role as a proxy, is a program that acts in the role of intermediaries between a client and server via the internet. If there was no proxy in place, the user would be able to send a request to anything directly to the server, and servers would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and use however, the addition of proxy servers may provide benefits including increased performance, privacy and security, among others. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy servers act as a gatekeeper for the internet, separating clients from servers.

The general consensus is that the system of servers that are equipped with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies that are traditionally referred to as software, specifically with respect to servers on the internet. We will present a summary of the two main kinds of proxies which are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own use, which could be confusing because of the identical namestamp.

This article will give you an idea of the types of proxies, their subtypes are, as well as their importance for the most common setups. By reading this article you'll be able know the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy and decide on the appropriate alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy depending on the scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy acts as an agent for users who wish to send a request via the internet to a source server. In this instance, any attempt to send requests made by the user will be directed via this forward proxy. A forward proxy in the position of the customer will review the request. It first will determine if the client is authorized to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then either refuse any request, or redirect it to the source server. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly; it will only be allowed access to the information that the forward proxy allows the access.

One of the most popular reasons for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security on internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in lieu of a client's individual account, and during that process it can use another IP address in comparison to the IP address that is used by the user.

Depending on how it's set up, and how it's configured forward proxy can provide various options and let you:

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  Beware of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Determine restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security as well as permission-based access, such as at a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer administrator can allow only specific clients access to the internet, which is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls on the client layer, which could involve many machines with varying user configurations, firewalls can be placed the front proxy layer.

Remember that forward proxies must be manually configured for be used, while reverse proxies can be not recognized from the clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client, it is transmitted to the server that generated it by the forward proxy security and privacy can either be provided or rendered clear.

There are a myriad of possibilities to consider when deciding on forward proxy options:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx is another popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Squid: An open forward proxy open source that uses an HTTP protocol. It does not contain the entire web server. We recommend you read our article about how for installing Squid proxy to enable private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer connections. You can also learn how to configure an Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is a web server, which takes care of requests from customers on its behalf. It can be used as a single server or multiple servers. Additionally, it can contain an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these instances, a request would come via the web at large. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the server with all the resources the client requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, segregating your server from communications with the web's public.

From the point of viewpoint from the perspective of a client reverse proxy is not any different than connecting to an internet server direct. It's functionally identical, however the client can't discern the distinction. The client asks for the resource and then gets it, with no additional configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxies offer options like:

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  A centralized layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound according to rules you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
  

While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer and not the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be directed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers lets them focus on only the needs of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests towards the server that is hosting them. Multiple web servers could be operating on the same server, providing different kinds of resources or a mix of both. They may use the HTTP protocol as a normal web server, but they could also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that routes clients to particular servers based on the request for resource, or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also make use of their position before web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set by caching rules to avoid from reaching web servers with each time a request is made. There are solutions that offer an option to serve static content directly without having to interact with the webserver in any way. In addition, reverse proxy is able to manage compressing these files.

The well-known Nginx web server has become a well-known reverse proxy choice. It is true that the Apache web server has the ability to reverse proxy as an additional feature that is available to Apache however Nginx was designed originally to focus on the reverse proxy function.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle requests and responses. Instead, a better way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers is to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an important feature in the development of a method to run web-based applications via the internet. They serve as servers during any interaction through the Internet.

Forward proxy can be useful for displaying customers for personal use or even in a workplace. They are a way to display the information of your client every time you interact with them on the internet.

A distinction based on use case instead of focusing solely on similar naming conventions can help avoid confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we clarified the meaning of a proxy. There are two types of them being the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring the use of proxy servers, follow our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a web service and reverse proxy within Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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